Saturday, May 17, 2008

The Greek and Latin Creed in Scrutinies


We've talked about the Creed being recited in Greek and Latin in the Catechumenal liturgy on the Wednesday after the fourth Sunday of Lent. Here are the liturgical texts in detail:

From the Gelasian Sacramentary (8th century):

...Post haec accipiens Acolytus unum ex ipsis infantibus masculum, tenens eum in sinistro brachio, ponens manum super caput ejus. Et interrogat ei Presbyter: "Qua lingua confitentur Dominum nostrum Jesum Christum?"
Respondet: "Graecae."
Iterum dicit Presbyter: "Adnuntia fidem ipsorum qualiter credunt."
Et dicit acolytus symbolum Graecae decantando, tenens manum super caput infantis, in his verbis:

(Transliterated Greek) "Pisteuo hisena Theon Pathera panhocratoran pyetin uranu kaegis oraton kaepanton kaeauraton.

Kae hisena kyrion Ihm Xpm tonion tutheu tonmonogenin tonectupatros genitenta propanton toneonon. Fos ec fotos theon alithin ec theu alithinu, genithenta upyithenta, omoysion tupatri, diutapanta egenonton.
Tondihimas tus antrophus kaediatin himeteran soterian kateltonta ecton uranon kae sarcotenta ecpneuma tos agiu kaeMarias tispartenu kae inantropisanta.

Staurothenta deyper imon epi Pontio Pilatu kae pathonta kae tapenta, kae anastenta trititi himera kata tas graphas kae anelthonta histus uranus kaekatezomeno endexia tupatros kaepalin ercomenon metadoxis crine zontas kaenecrus utis basilias ucestin thelos.

Kae histo pneuma toagion tonkyrion kae zoopyon tonec tu patros emporegomenon ton syn patri kae yion synpros kynumenon kaesyn doxazomen tolalesas dia ton prophiton.

Hismian agian catholicin kae apostolocin eclesian. Omologo en baptisma hisapes inamartion. Prosdogo anastas sinnecron kae zoin tumellos tos aeonas Amin.
"

"Fili carissimi: audistis symbolum Graecae, audi et Latinae."
Et dicis: "Qua lingua confitentur Dominum nostrum Jesum Christum?"
Respondet: "Latinae."
"Adnuntia fidem ipsorum qualiter credunt."
Ponens manum acolytus super caput infantis, et dicit Symbolum decantando his verbis:

"Credo in unum Deum, Patrem omnipotentem, factorem caeli et terrae, visibilium omnium et invisibilium.
Et in unum Dominum Jesum Christum, Filium Dei Unigenitum, de Patre natum ante omnia saecula; Lumen de lumine, Deum verum de Deo vero, natum non factum, consubstantialem Patris, per quem omnia facta sunt.

Qui propter nos homines et propter nostram salutem, descendentem de caelis, et incarnatum de Spiritu Sancto et Maria virgine et humanatum, Crucifixum etiam pro nobis sub Pontio Pilato et passum et sepultum, et Resurgentem tertia die secundum scripturas, et ascendentem in caelis, et sedentem ad dexteram Patris, et iterum venturum cum gloria judicare vivos et mortuos, cujus regni non erit finis.

Et in Spiritu Sancto, Dominum et Vivificatorem, ex Patre procedentem, qui cum Patre et Filio simul adoratum et conglorificatum, qui locutus est per prophetas.

In unam, sanctam, catholicam, et apostolicam Ecclesiam. Confiteor unum baptisma in remissionem peccatorum.
Spero resurrectionem mortuorum, et vitam futuri saeculi. Amen.
"

================

After this, taking a male child from these children and holding it on his left arm, the Acolyte places his hand above it. And the Priest asks him, saying: "In what language do they confess our Lord Jesus Christ?"
The Acolyte responds: "In Greek."
The Priest speaks again: "Proclaim their faith, just as they believe."
And the Acolyte recites the Symbolum, singing in Greek, placing his right hand above the head of the child, in these words:

"Πιστεύω είς ενα Θεόν, Πατέρα, παντοκράτορα, ποιητήν ουρανού καί γής, ορατών τε πάντων καί αοράτων. Pisteuō eis ena Theon, Patera, pantokratora, poietēn ouranou kai gēs, oratōn te pantōn kai aoratōn.

Καί είς ενα Κύριον, Ίησούν Χριστόν, τόν Υιόν του Θεού τόν μονογενή, τόν εκ του Πατρός γεννηθέντα πρό πάντων τών αιώνων.
Kai eis ena Kyrion, Iēsoun Christon, ton Yion tou Theou ton monogenē, ton ek tou Patros gennēthenta pro pantōn tōn aiōnōn.
Φώς εκ φωτός, Θεόν αληθινόν εκ Θεού αληθινού γεννηθέντα, ού ποιηθέντα, ομοούσιον τώ Πατρί, δι’ ού τά πάντα εγένετο.
Phōs ek phōtos, Theon alithinon ek Theou alithinou, gennēthenta, ou piēthenta, homoousion tō Patri, di'ou ta panta egeneto.
Τόν δι’ ημάς τούς ανθρώπους καί διά τήν ημετέραν σωτηρίαν κατελθόντα εκ τών ουρανών καί σαρκωθέντα εκ Πνεύματος ‘Αγίου καί Μαρίας τής Παρθένου καί ενανθρωπήσαντα.
Ton di imas tous anthrōpous kai dia tēn imeteran sōtērian, katelthonta ek tōn ouranōn, kai sarkōthenta ek Pneumatos 'Agiou kai Marias tēs Parthenou kai enanthrōpisanta.
Σταυρωθέντα τε υπέρ ημών επί Ποντίου Πιλάτου καί παθόντα καί ταφέντα, καί αναστάντα τή τρίτη ημέρα κατά τάς Γραφάς.
Staurōthenta te yper imon epi Pontiou Pilatou, kai pathonta kai taphenta, kai anastanta ti triti imera kata tas Graphas.
Καί ανελθόντα είς τούς ουρανούς καί καθεζόμενον εκ δεξιών τού Πατρός, καί πάλιν ερχόμενον μετά δόξης κρίναι ζώντας καί νεκρούς, ού τής βασιλείας ουκ εσται τέλος.
Kai anelthonta eis tous ouranous, kai kathezomenon ek dexion tou Patros, kai palin erchomenon meta doxis krinai zōntas kai nekrous, ou tis Basileias ouk estai telos.

Καί είς τό Πνεύμα τό ¨Αγιον, τό Κύριον, τό ζωοποιόν, τό εκ τού Πατρός εκπορευόμενον, τό σύν Πατρί καί Υιώ συμπροσκυνούμενον καί συνδοξαζόμενον, τό λαλήσαν διά τών Προφητών.
Kai eis to Pneuma to Agion, to Kyrion, to Zōopoion, to ek tou Patros ekporeuomenon, to syn Patri kai Yiō synproskynoumenon kai syndoxazomenon, to lalēsan dia tōn Prophēton.

Είς μίαν, αγίαν, καθολικήν καί αποστολικήν Έκκλησίαν.‘Ομολογώ εν βάπτισμα είς άφεσιν αμαρτιών. Προσδοκώ ανάστασιν νεκρών, καί ζωήν τού μέλλοντος αιώνος. Άμήν.
Eis mian, Agian, Katholikin kai Apostolikin Ekklēsian. 'Omologō en baptisma eis aphesin amartiōn. Prosdokō anastasin nekrōn, kai zōēn tou mellontos aiōnos. Amin."

(The Priest will then say): "Beloved brethren; you have heard the Symbol in Greek, hear it now in Latin."
And he will say: "In what language do they confess our Lord Jesus Christ?"
The Acolyte responds: "In Latin."

(The Priest speaks again): "Proclaim their faith, just as they believe."
The Acolyte, placing his hand above the head of the child, says the Symbol, singing it in these words:

"Credo in unum Deum, Patrem omnipotentem, factorem caeli et terrae, visibilium omnium et invisibilium.
Et in unum Dominum, Jesum Christum, Filium Dei Unigenitum, de Patre natum ante omnia saecula; Lumen de lumine, Deum verum de Deo vero, natum non factum, consubstantialem Patris, per quem omnia facta sunt.

Qui propter nos homines et propter nostram salutem, descendentem de caelis, et incarnatum de Spiritu Sancto et Maria Virgine et humanatum.
Crucifixum etiam pro nobis sub Pontio Pilato, et passum et sepultum, et Resurgentem tertia die secundum Scripturas, et ascendentem in caelis, et sedentem ad dexteram Patris, et iterum venturum cum gloria judicare vivos et mortuos, cujus regni non erit finis.

Et in Spiritu Sancto, Dominum et Vivificatorem, ex Patre procedentem, qui cum Patre et Filio simul adoratum et conglorificatum, qui locutus est per prophetas.

In unam, sanctam, catholicam, et apostolicam Ecclesiam. Confiteor unum baptisma in remissionem peccatorum. Spero resurrectionem mortuorum, et vitam futuri saeculi. Amen.
"

TRANSLATION:


"I believe in one God, the Father Almighty, Creator of Heaven and Earth, of all things visible and invisible.

And in one Lord, Jesus Christ, only-begotten Son of God, born of the Father before all ages; Light of Light, True God of True God; born not made, consubstantial with the Father, through Him all things were made.
Who, for us men and our salvation, came down from Heaven, and was made incarnate by the Holy Spirit and the Virgin Mary, and was made man.
Who, also for us, was crucified under Pontius Pilate, suffered and buried, on the third day rose again according to the Scriptures, and ascended into Heaven and sits at the right hand of the Father. And He shall come again with glory to judge the living and the dead: of Whose kingdom there shall be no end.

And in the Holy Spirit, the Lord and Giver of life, who proceeds from the Father; Who, together with the Father and the Son is adored and conglorified, who spoke through the Prophets.

And in One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church. I confess one Baptism for the remission of sins. And I hope for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the future age. Amen."

A text almost exactly similar to the one in the Gelasian Sacramentary can be found in a 10th Century Sacramentary from Fulda:

... Accipiens Accolitus unum ex ipsis infantibus masculum et tenens eum in sinistro brachio ponit manum super eum.
Et interrogat eum presbiter dicens:
"Qua lingua confitentur dominum nostrum Iesum Christum?"
Respondit Accolitus: "Greca."
Iterum dicit presbiter: "Annuntia fidem ipsorum qualiter credant."
Et tenens Accolitus manum dexteram super infantis (caput) dicit symbolum decantando grece: "Pysteuvo is ena. Theon patera pantocratora. Pythin uranuke is orathon te panthon ke oaraton..."

====================

...taking a male child from these children and holding it on his left arm, the Acolyte places his hand above it.
And the Priest asks him, saying:
"In what language do they confess our Lord Jesus Christ?"
The Acolyte responds: "In Greek."
The Priest speaks again: "Proclaim their faith, just as they believe."
And holding his right hand above (the head) of the child, the Acolyte recites the Symbolum, singing in Greek: "Pisteuo..."

In some traditions, the first interrogation was even recited in Greek, as in the following sentence, which clearly indicates that the text was copied without being understood (Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana Z 52 sup., according to Caspari, p. 483, n. 18.):

Et interrogat eum Presbiter Graece. Dicit: "(P)ya glossa omologesin ton Kirion ymon Iesun Christon?"
Respondit Acolytus: "Ellenistin."
Iterum dicit Presbiter: "Anangilon tin pistin auton ton os pisteugesin."
Et dicit Acolytus Simbolum graece decantando his verbis: "Pysteugon..."

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