D. DEATH Blood loss from the scourging helped determine the time the victim survived. In any case, victims suffered a long time (at most, da...

I. INTRODUCTION Crucifixion (from Latin crucifixio , perfect passive participle crucifixus, fixed to a cross, from prefix cruci -, cross, + ...

(The Gospel Reading in the Extraordinary Form) JOHN 12:31-36 At that time, Jesus said to the crowds of the Jews: " Now is the judgment ...

NOTA BENE: I might get a bit emotional and sharp-tongued in in the following article, so excuse me in advance if my words become too acerbic...

The High Altar of the Cathedral of Köln. The golden Reliquary is the Shrine of the Three Kings ( Dreikönigenschrein ), begun by the goldsmi...

Archbishop Gero of Cologne (900-976) placing a Host in the wooden (oak) head of the monumental Gero Crucifix (which he donated to the Cathe...